Final Hazards Report

 In India there are many natural hazards, but the most dangerous ones are floods and earthquakes. First I will tell you about earthquakes in India and why they happen. India has a very high frequency of great earthquakes. And they happen mostly in the north  eastern region of the country as well as the entire Himalayan belt which is susceptible to earthquakes of a magnitude more than 8.0. The main cause of earthquakes in these regions is due to the movement of the Indian plate towards the Eurasian plate at the rate of about 50 mm per year. India has had a number of the world's most greatest earthquakes. Besides the Himalayan region and the Indo Gangetic plains, even peninsular India is prone to damaging earthquakes as clearly illustrated by the Koyna (1967), Latur (1993), and the Jabalpur (1997) earthquakes. Indian earthquakes have shown some remarkable features which have implications on strategies for reducing earthquake disasters in the country. Some ways to try and mitigate the earthquakes disasters can be modifying the house types and building designs in the vulnerable areas and discouraging construction of high-rise buildings, large industrial establishments and big urban centres in such areas. Preparing a vulnerability map of the country and dissemination of vulnerability risk information among the people and educating them about the ways and means minimizing the adverse impacts of disasters. The places I would help first is the regions of Kashmir, the Western and Central Himalayas, North and Middle Bihar, the North-East Indian region, the Rann of Kutch and the Andaman and Nicobar. These are generally, the areas having trap rock or basaltic rock which are prone to earthquakes. I would build my home in the seismic zone 2 which has the lowest level of seismicity.

Here is a photo of the seismic zones V being the highest level.




Now we can talk about the floods in India I am addressing this hazard as a priority because floods are a very common natural hazard that happens in India There are three major regions that are prone to flooding in India. These include Central India and Deccan, Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Northwest. Tidal flooding, major erosion of the coasts, perpetual rainfalls, and landslides are the causes of floods in these regions. Floods in India account for over 40 percent of the deaths out of all natural disasters. Empirical studies have also shown that flood damage has a negative impact on economic growth in the long run and considerably reduces female employment opportunities in the agricultural sector. One flood in India, In 1987, In Bihar they witnessed one of its worst floods. That flood occurred due to an overflow of the Koshi river; which claimed lives of 1,399 humans, 302 animals. That was an intense flood. Some ways to mitigate floods would be building stronger and taller levees as well las building homes in higher elevations away from flood prone areas. Another way is to having a food plan and having evacuation housing for the people in flood prone areas. The areas to target help first is Ravi, Yamuna-Sahibi, Gandak, Sutlej, Ganga, Ghaggar, Kosi, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Mahananda, Damodar, Godavari, Mayurakshi, Sabarmati. these are the rivers that are prone to flooding.  I would construct a home that is at a higher level like with higher but flat grounds because during floods landslides can then happen which you would need to be careful for.

Here is a video of flooding in bihar 

Here is a picture of flood prone areas in india








https://ilearncana.com/details/Mitigation-of-Flood-as-a-Disaster-in-India/3374

https://www.ncsl.org/environment-and-natural-resources/flood-mitigation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_India#:~:text=In%201987%2C%20Bihar%20state%20of,billion%20(US%24850%20million).

https://quantectum.com/natural-hazards-and-earthquakes-in-india/#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20human%20casualties,and%20landslides%20(2%25)1.







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